Abstract We aim to explore the influence of Guizhi decoction(GD) on inflammatory response in myocardial ischemia models. 45 New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups randomly: sham control group, myocardial ischemia group and myocardial ischemia + Guizhi decoction treatment group. The rabbits were treated with Guizhi decoction or saline for 20 days. After that, the myocardial ischemia model was created by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Color Doppler Echocardiography computed the ejection fraction (EF). Serum content of MyD88 and TNF-α and concentration of cardiac markers (CK-MB, CK, LDH and cTnT) was measured. After ligation, ST segment was elevated. However, 15 rabbits died due to operation and postoperative care, and were excluded from this study. The final sample size was sham control group (n=10), myocardial ischemia group (n=10) and Guizhi decoction group (n=10) Compared with the sham control group, the ejection fraction was decreased and the expression of the TLR4, MyD88, TNF-α,CK-MB, CK, LDH and cTnT in myocardial ischemia group was increased (p<0.05). After treatment with Guizhi decoction, EF was improved and related inflammatory response factors were decreased (p <0.05). Pretreatment with Guizhi decoction attenuated the level of proinflammatory markers and improved heart function in animal model for myocardial ischemia.

This study aimed to estimate the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated with trastuzumab. Studies were identified through a literature search of electronic databases. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate the incidence rate of CNS metastases, trastuzumab therapy duration, and time from trastuzumab therapy to CNS metastasis diagnosis. A meta-analysis of odds ratios was performed to evaluate the significance of a difference in CNS metastasis incidence between patients with and without trastuzumab treatment. Thirty studies (8121 trastuzumab-treated and 3972 control patients) were included. The follow-up duration was 18.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.8, 24.1). The trastuzumab treatment duration was 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.0, 11.0). The median interval between the start of trastuzumab therapy and CNS metastasis diagnosis was 12.2 months (95% CI: 9.5, 14.7). The incidence of CNS metastasis after the start of trastuzumab therapy was 22% (95% CI: 16, 27). The incidence of CNS metastases was significantly higher in trastuzumab-treated than in non-trastuzumab-treated patients (odds ratio: 1.39 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.82], p=0.02). The survival time from the start of the study was 23.4 months (95% CI: 19.7, 27.1) in trastuzumab-treated patients and 18.4 months (95% CI: 12.7, 24.1) in patients treated with control regimens. The survival time after the development of CNS metastases in trastuzumab-treated patients was 19.2 months (95% CI: 15.6, 25.9). Approximately 22% of patients with HER2-positive MBC who were treated with trastuzumab developed CNS metastases. However, trastuzumab-treated patients had a longer survival than patients who were not treated with trastuzumab.

Abstract Surveillances and interventions on antibiotics use have been suggested to improve serious drug-resistance worldwide. Since 2007, our hospital have proposed many measures for regulating surgical prophylactic antibiotics (carbapenems, third gen. cephalosporins, vancomycin, etc.) prescribing practices, like formulary restriction or replacement for surgical prophylactic antibiotics and timely feedback. To assess the impacts on drug-resistance after interventions, we enrolled infected patients in 2006 (pre-intervention period) and 2014 (post-intervention period) in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai. Proportions of targeted pathogens were analyzed: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE), imipenem-resistant Escherichia coli (IREC), imipenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (IRKP), imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB) and imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA) isolates. Rates of them were estimated and compared between Surgical Department, ICU and Internal Department during two periods. The total proportions of targeted isolates in Surgical Department (62.44%, 2006; 64.09%, 2014) were more than those in ICU (46.13%, 2006; 50.99%, 2014) and in Internal Department (44.54%, 2006; 51.20%, 2014). Only MRSA has decreased significantly (80.48%, 2006; 55.97%, 2014) (p < 0.0001). The percentages of VRE and IREC in 3 departments were all <15%, and the slightest change were also both observed in Surgical Department (VRE: 0.76%, 2006; 2.03%, 2014) (IREC: 2.69%, 2006; 2.63%, 2014). The interventions on surgical prophylactic antibiotics can be effective for improving resistance; antimicrobial stewardship must be combined with infection control practices.

After experiencing the stages of spontaneous development and independent devel-opment, Sino-Latin American relations have entered a new phase of "constructive develop-ment" characterized by the strategic objective of building a new structure and a community of common destiny, by the Strategic route of establishing a new framework of cooperation, and by the principle of cooperation with negotiation, mutual gain, and not against the third. As a result, the ties between China and Latin America have made much progress in the political, economic, cultural and multilateral fields. However, due to the uncertainty of the world and the transformations of the two regions, cooperation between the two sides continues to face many challenges. At present, there are several important contradictions that need to be re-solved: the first is the gap between improving cooperation mechanisms and their expecta-tions; The second is China's increasingly strong strategic presence in Latin America and the continent's capacity for acceptance. The latter is the urgent need to develop this relationship and the lack of mutual knowledge.

Después de experimentar las etapas del desarrollo espontáneo y del desarrollo independiente, las relaciones sino-latinoamericanas han entrado en una nueva fase del "desarrollo constructivo" que se caracteriza por el objetivo estratégico de construir una nueva estructura y una comunidad de destino común, un con un nuevo marco de cooperación basa-do en la negociación y en la ganancia mutua. Como resultado de esto, los lazos entre China y América Latina han conseguido muchos avances en los terrenos político, económico, cultural y de la cooperación multilateral. Sin embargo, debido a la incertidumbre del mundo y las trans-formaciones de las dos partes, la cooperación entre ambos lados sigue enfrentando muchos desafíos. En la actualidad, hay varias contradicciones importantes que deben ser resueltas: la primera, es la brecha entre el mejoramiento de mecanismos de cooperación y sus expectati-vas; la segunda, es la cada vez más fuerte presencia estratégica de China en América Latina y la capacidad de aceptación de este continente. La última es la necesidad urgente de desarro-llar y profundizar esta relación tras la falta del conocimiento mutuo.